Friday, 9 October 2009

Grammar: Third Conditional

I hope you have learnt your first 2 Conditional types well, if you have any questions, please do leave me messages. This will get more and more interesting!!!

Third Conditional
100% impossible because it happened
[ If (past perfect), (would + have + past participle) ]
Condition Result
  1. Susie told Paul, "If I had known you earlier, I would have dated you and then married you."
  2. Paul replied, "If I had known you earlier, I wouldn't have divorced with my wife.
Time Concern: Past
Chances for condition to happen: 100% impossible because it happened


Alternatively, you can use

[ (would + have + past participle) if (past perfect) ]
Result Condition
  1. Susie told Paul, "I would have dated you and then married you if I had met you earlier."
  2. Paul replied, "I wouldn't have divorced with my wife if I had known you earlier."
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

It might look a bit difficult but once you understand it, you wouldn't have any more problems with new examples.

First, how do you think Susie felt about Paul?
Did she think she knew Paul early enough? --- Nope.
Eventually, did she date Paul or married him? --- No.
Did she want to know Paul earlier? --- Yes.

So, you can tell that she obviously regretted not knowing Paul early enough, so she missed her chance. Sounds desperate.

What about Paul?

Did he think he knew Susie early enough? --- Nope.
Eventually, did he divorce with his wife? --- Positive.
What might have changed his mind about divorcing with his wife? --- by knowing Susie earlier.
So by knowing Susie earlier, could he save his marriage? --- Yes.


Question Time: So what is the hidden feeling that Paul has about Susie? What kind of a woman is Susie in Paul's point of view?


Wednesday, 7 October 2009

Vocabulary: Wicked Wicker Wig Makes Wiggly Wick, Gets on my Wick



Wicked Wicker Wig Makes Wiggly Wick, Gets on my Wick
Some lessons ago, one of my students asked me the name of the material that is used to make a banneton, a basket like the picture above, and finding it from the internet was quick. It is
called wicker. But wicker itself is not a raw material. It can be made from plastic or the traditional rattan stalks, willow (reminds me of Harry Potter), reed or even bamboo.

What triggers my interest is that a few of these words that begins with "WI" in their spellings.

Most people know how to express their delights using "great", "awesome",
but "wicked" is not so often used in Hong Kong or in the American movies. Is it more of an English slang? I started hearing it when I was a little boy, and Ron in the Harry Potter's movies refreshed my memory. Apart from meaning great, it can also mean "morally wrong and bad", depending on the context.


Wig was once a very important business in Hong Kong, now
they are still worn by those who have hair problem, models, celebrities, party-goers or by judges.

Wiggle can be a verb or a noun, both of the same meaning, and that is "Move up and down, from side to side." What comes to your mind first? For me, jelly comes first. Because of "Wiggly wobbly Jelly".

A wick is a candle string, a thread in the centre of the candle. I guess you must have burnt a lot this Mid-Autumn Festival or on birthdays.

Last but not least, a relatively older slang "get on sb's wick", which is more common to say "get on sb's nerve" nowadays, which means, "to annoy someone".



Picture resources:

Resources:

Monday, 5 October 2009

Vocabulary: Halloween Monsters

A reader of my blog cum ex-student said I don't update my blog as regular as before, that might the true because my free time switches often, but I will still try to update twice a week (my bare minimum), so I hope you will not find it too intensive to learn and still maintain your interest level. Sometimes, I write them long before the entry is posted, because I want them to meet the suitable time for release (such as this entry).

Right after the Mid-Autumn Festival and the little quiz I had in the previous entry, I hope you have learnt the terms such as lotus seeds and water caltrop well.

Now that Halloween is just round the corner and some of you might be interested in dressing up yourself to parties and more parties, here I would like to suggest some unusual choices for you to act as instead of always dressing up like mummies and Dracula.

Ready to go? First, let's start with a few which are still quite rare in Hong Kong these days.

Frankenstein's Monster
Frankenstein’s Monster was a monster from a novel in 1818 and in many movies that followed. In the story, he did not have a name. But the author, Mary Shelley, said his name is actually “Adam”. He was created by a scientist, Victor Frankenstein. “Adam” started as a loving being, but later learnt the violence and evil from human and eventually killed the scientist’s family.

Werewolf

Werewolves were humans who could transform when seeing the full-moon. Once bitten or scratched by them, the victim would turn into wolf-like monsters. In Harry Potter, Professor Remus Lupin was a werewolf.

Jack Skellington & Sally

















Sally was a character in the 1993 movie The Nightmare Before Christmas. She was a rag doll, created by a mad scientist called Doctor Finklestein. Her limps(arms and legs) were detachable and were stuffed with fall leaves. She was very good at needlework and she loved Jack Skellington.

Jack Skellington was another character in the same movie. He was the Pumpkin King of Halloween. He was dressed in a black pin-striped suit and a bow tie that looked like a bat.
And now, the very rare ones, counting down from my level of favourites:

10. The Addam's Family

The Addams Family began as cartoon characters in The New Yorker magazine between 1938 and 1988. The family members were actually not monsters, but they behaved weirdly and did not know that other people find them frightening. The only member of the family which was not human was a hand called “Thing”. Thing walked around the house using the fingers and it helped with every day tasks such as getting mails, writing letters or giving a friendly pat on the shoulder. It “talked” to the family using sign language.

9. Beetlejuice



Beetlejuice was a 1988 American horror film character. He was a chaotic, perverted (dirty-minded) and disgusting ghost who helped two other ghosts to scare away people in their house. He wore black-and-white-striped suit, black boots and black tie. He had dark circles in his eyes and his hair was frizzy.


8. Minotaur

It was a Greek mythological monster, the Minotaur had the body of a man and the head and tail of a bull. He was powerful yet ferocious (frightening and violent).
It was so dangerous that King Minos built a labyrinth (something like a maze) to hold it.

7. Ifrit

Ifrit, a very strong creature of fire which lived in the underworld in the Arabic and Islamic literature. They can be either good or evil. They were not afraid of weapons, but can be hurt by magic.
It appeared in Final Fantasy video games series as summon-able monster or enemy.

6. Jiang Shi /Chinese vampire


Jiang Shi, or Chinese Vampires, reanimated corpse that hop around, killing living creatures to absorb life essence from their victims.
When someone died away from home and their family was too poor to hire a wagon (a car pulled by a horse), they would pay Taoist priests for teaching the dead bodies to hop and bringing them back to their home town for proper burial. This was once popular in Xiangxi.

5. Cerberus

A hound (dog) with 3 heads, a tail of a dragon and mane of serpents (snakes). The Cerberus guarded the gates of Hades, the god of the Greek underworld. It also appeared in the movie Harry Potter as Fluffy, which guarded the Philosopher’s Stone.


4. Death / Grim Reaper / Angel of Death

Death, Grim Reaper, or the Angel of Death from the Bible, is skeleton-bodied, skull-faced, carried a scythe and usually clothed in a black cloak with a hood. In some cases, a person can pay, trick Death in order to keep himself alive.


3. Edward Scissorhands

Edward Scissorhands, a character of a 1990 comedy-drama fantasy film. The film told that he was made by an inventor, but the inventor died the moment he wanted to give Edward hands. He was in fact a kind being and was loved by a teenage girl, Kim.

2. Freddie Kruegar


Freddy Krueger was a dream demon in the popular 1984 horror film called The Nightmare on Elm Street. He had a burnt face, wore a red and dark-green striped sweater, a brown fedora, and metal-clawed leather glove. He killed sleepers in the dreams and the victim died in real life.

1. Diablos

His name came from Greek with many different spellings, Diabolos / Diabolus / Diablo/ Diablos, devil of the underworld. He tempted humans to doing evil or sinful things. He appeared often in video games and books.

Enjoy learning and making up into your favourite monsters on Halloween Day!



pictures resources:

Count Dracula

http://www.rpgamer.com/games/castlevania/sotn/art/dracula01.jpg

Werewolf

http://s.bebo.com/app-image/7926862818/5411656627/PROFILE/i.quizzaz.com/img/q/u/08/04/26/werewolf665nl_1_.jpg

Cerberus

http://media.photobucket.com/image/Cerberus/photobean1/cerberus_hound_by_ShamanX.jpg

Typhon

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v300/BigVEE/GoW/TyphonMan.jpg

Minotaur

http://media.photobucket.com/image/Minotaur/spartan_727/Minotaur.jpg

Frankenstein

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xM6S1O620QE/SXknc3DyFYI/AAAAAAAAFOM/ra1pNc5tmsk/s400/Frankenstein%27s+Monster.jpg

The Addams Family

http://www.phswebclass.com/WEB/movie_posters/posters/addams_family_values.jpg

Diablos

http://images3.wikia.nocookie.net/finalfantasy/images/0/08/Diablosffxi.jpg

Ifrit

http://images1.wikia.nocookie.net/finalfantasy/images/5/51/IfritFX%26X-2.jpg

Grim Reaper

http://smartpei.typepad.com/robert_patersons_weblog/images/2007/10/30/grimreaper.aspx

Chinese vampire

http://www.vampire.com.hk/photos/800/Other/cvamp1.jpg

Freddie Krueger

https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS1v5T9D-_-yqYU7wXTTWh76tNhe07fKAcPSSmBM5qAfvjj3gjTejatXqNGTbmrJXm16_WM1t529g6w0maxcdRlcHNHriji0g98lSVSJyT51p7mXNjUD8Z08X6eA4sBCm3VQpbnBhE8cn_/s400/freddy.png

Edward Scissorhands

http://www.union.wisc.edu/film/images/edwardscissorhands.jpg

Jack Skellington

http://images.buddytv.com/userquizimages/q-1/a963364d-d797-4571-8bb5-3b9e04032942jack_skellington.jpg

http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2027/2066667581_8a75a0c040.jpg

Sally

http://www.craftster.org/pictures/data/500/medium/halloween_084.jpg

Friday, 2 October 2009

Message: Happy Mid-Autumn Festival 2009!!!

Mid-Autumn Challenge


Hello guys! Wanted to say Happy National Day but turned out that I didn't have the time to do so because of a washing machine situation. I was glad that I watched the firework live and I still got to find a good spot, except that there was one selfish woman smoking behind me while everyone was watching!

Anyway, this message is to greet you guys a very happy Mid-Autumn festival and do enjoy your reunion dinner with your friends or relatives! A warm reminder, don't eat too many mooncakes, they are very high in cholestrol and carbohydrates (that is mostly the sugar)!!!

I just had 2 and a quarter just now, feeling so unhealthy!


Something for you guys to play: Name the things that you can see in the picture above and other things you may eat during Mid-Autumn festival. Leave comments.

Enjoy learning!

Locky

picture resources:
http://www.chinatownconnection.com/images/chinesemooncake2.jpg

Monday, 28 September 2009

Learning Method & Website: Visual Merriam Webster Dictionary

Learn English the Visual Way

I think those of you who have attended my classes know well that I strongly encourage the use of visual images / pictures in your English learning. The reasons have been listed in great details in those lessons. To cut short, you can revise numerous times in a very short time -- the keys to good revision.

Recently, renowned dictionary websites have undergone major change in their business and many of them have added visual images in it. Seems like the market in moving in a way that I have long been hoping for -- visual learning.

What I have for you today is the latest Visual Merriam Webster Dictionary. I came across this when a colleague of mine asked me the English word for the part of the door knob that actually locks the door. I thought it was called a shackle but that was only for padlock, so I went to do my result and found the term deadbolt in this dictionary.
As I have always been saying, if you don't bother to draw your own picture, it is best to get an image from the internet and then print it out. And now with this dictionary, you can even learn a few more related ones: strike plate, faceplate, keyway, ring, cotter pin, etc.

If you don't know what you want to learn, click on the Themes section at the bottom left corner of the page.

This is so far the best that you can get, so do share this with your friends who are eager to learn!

Enjoy learning!

resources:

Saturday, 26 September 2009

Grammar: Second Conditional

I've been a bit lazy with my own blog and busy with my school's stuff, so I must apologise for those of you who have been waiting for my entry this Friday.

Today, we will move to the next type of the conditional sentences, called the Second Conditional.

If you have been reading on grammar books, you must have realised that few of them further classify this type of conditional. Here I would like to group them into two types, I simply call them type 2A and 2B.

Let's take a look at the first type.



Second Conditional 2A
Highly impossible, but not totally impossible
[ If (past simple), (would + infinitive) ]
Condition Result
  1. If I won the Mark 6 Jackpot tonight, I would donate 20% to the charity.
  2. If someone got hit by a car right in front of me now, I would call 999 for help.
Time Concern: From Now to Future
Chances for condition to happen: Very low; alm0st impossible, but not 100% impossible


Alternatively, you can use


[(would + infinitive) if (past simple)]
Result Condition
  1. I would donate 20% of the Mark 6 Jackpot to the charity if I won it tonight.
  2. I would call 999 for help if someone got hit by a car right in front of me now.

This should be easy to understand, now let's move on to 2B.

___________________________________________________________________



Second Conditional 2B
100% impossible
[ If (past simple), (would + infinitive) ]
Condition Result
  1. If I were you, I would marry your girlfriend.
  2. If you worked for me, I would fire you straight away!
Time Concern: From Now to Future
Chances for condition to happen: 100% impossible.


Alternatively, you can use


[(would + infinitive) if (past simple)]
Result Condition
  1. I would marry your girlfriend if I were you.
  2. I would fire you straight away if you worked for me.

Important Note:

If you have been reading my previous entry on Zero & First Conditionals, you would have realised 3 things:

Tenses Used: From Present to Past

Time Concern: From "anytime" to only "future and present" --> moving back in time gradually.

Chances for condition to happen: From 100% possible to 100% impossible.

This is the trend for conditional sentences. In the future, you can expect that the Third Conditional would follow this trend too. Till then, enjoy learning!

PS: I hope you enjoyed my examples. I have tried my best to make it sound ridiculous.